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No first use
No first use (NFU) refers to a pledge or a policy by a nuclear power not to use nuclear weapons as a means of warfare unless first attacked by an adversary using nuclear weapons. Earlier, the concept had also been applied to chemical and biological warfare.
China declared its NFU policy in 1964, and has since maintained this policy. India articulated its policy of no first use of nuclear weapons in 2003.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date= )〕
NATO has repeatedly rejected calls for adopting NFU policy,〔(NATO's Nuclear Weapons: The Rationale for 'No First Use' | Arms Control Association ) - July/August 1999 - Jack Mendelsohn〕 arguing that preemptive nuclear strike is a key option, in order to have a credible deterrent that could compensate for the overwhelming conventional weapon superiority enjoyed by the Soviet Army in the Eurasian land mass. In 1993, Russia dropped a pledge given by the former Soviet Union not to use nuclear weapons first. In 2000, a Russian military doctrine stated that Russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons "in response to a large-scale conventional aggression".〔(No First Use of Nuclear Weapons meeting: paper by Yuri Fedorov, 'Russia's Doctrine on the Use of Nuclear Weapons' ) - Pugwash Meeting no. 279 London, UK, 15–17 November 2002〕 This is because the balance of forces was reversed, NATO now is enjoying a clear superiority in conventional weapons.
==Countries pledging no-first-use==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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